Ethnography

Ethnography is the firsthand, personal study of local settings. Bronislow Malinowski, a Polish anthropologist, is credited as being the "father of ethnography". Malinowski believed it was an ethnographer's job to research and study small groups of foragers, cultivators, and generally any type of culturally diverse communities that could be threatened by western civilization.
Early ethnographers, including Malinowski, would live in small-scale, relatively isolated societies, with very limited technologies and economics. This would be known as field techniques. …