Antennae and Propagation of Radio Waves

Antennae and Propagation of Radio Waves (Antenas un RV izplatīšanās) 1. ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD AND IT’S MAJOR PECULIARITIES 4 1.1. Introduction 4 1.2. Electromagnetic Field Vectors 4 1.3. Classification of Mediums 13 1.4. Longitudinal and Transverse (Solenoidal) Vector Fields 15 2. MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS 19 2.1. Introduction to Maxwell's Equations 19 2.2. Maxwell’s First Equation 19 2.3. Maxwell’s Second Equation 22 2.4. Maxwell’s Third Equation 24 2.5. Maxwell’s Fourth Equation 25 3. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 27 3.1. Introduction to Electromagnetic Waves 27 3.2. Spectrum of Electromagnetic Waves 29 3.3. Electromagnetic Wave Equation 30 3.4. Poynting Vector 31 3.5. Near and Far Fields 33 A matter can exist in one of two forms (states): • as substance/ material (e.g. molecules, atoms, elementary particles) • as field The energy of electromagnetic (EM) field can transform in other forms of energy (e.g. thermal, chemical). EM field consists of electric and magnetic fields: • electric field is made by all electric particles (charges) • besides when these particles move, they also create a magnetic field Both fields can create mechanical forces known as ponderomotive forces.